Engineering Material -Metals

Metals used in manufacturing are usually alloys, which are composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is metallic element. Metals can be divided into two basic groups: 

• ferrous
• nonferrous 

Powder Metallurgy-Sintering

Sintering is the process whereby green compacts are heated in a controlled-atmosphere furnace to a temperature below the melting point, but sufficiently high to allow bonding (fusion) of the individual particles. It is the process by which solid bodies are bonded by atomic forces. In other words, in sintering the particles are fused together to increase density. 

Classification of manufacturing process

  

 Videos below show the some example of  above manufacturing process

1. Rolling process

2. Forging process

Element of manufacturing

There are three elements of manufacturing:

i.                     Input

ii.                   Transformation Process

iii.                  Output

Manufacturing will not occur without any of the element. In order for manufacturing to occur, the input must go through a single or various transformation processes which will end with an output. The output is then can become an input for the next processes. The cycle is repeated until a final result is achieved. The relationship of the three element is illustrated below. 

What is manufacturing?

Manufacturing can be defined as follows;

1)      Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into products. It includes;

a.      the design of the product,

b.      the selection of raw materials, and

c.      the sequence of processes through which the product will be manufactured.

2)      Manufacturing is the application of physical and chemical processes to alter the geometry, properties, and / or appearance of a given starting material to make parts or products. Manufacturing also include assembly of multiple parts to make products.

3)      Economically, manufacturing is the transformation of materials into items of greater value by means of one or more processing and / or assembly operations. 

4)      Manufacturing is a sequence of processes that add value to the material by changing its shape or properties, or by combining it with other materials that have been similarly altered.